Setting Up Server

I am looking for a fairly simple way to set up a web server to have all my media accessible where ever I am. Fear not, I do know the basics, and I am asking this from more of a "I want to expand my knowledge of technology" rather than "I NEED A SERVER NOW". Please if you answer, try to help me out by explaining how it works, like IP forwarding that I know I will be doing because I have a NAT router, as well as what each thing does. Now I'll get into the details.

I don't know which kind of protocol I should use for this sort of use, but I need to have all sorts of files, but mainly video. I need to pick a program and protocol and definitely need help setting it up. I do know that I will need to pick a port for the server to listen on, but I don't know how the port I pick for the program to be listening on corresponds to what exteal port I should be using and how I should connect to it. I have an idea, but a explanation of how things get filtered through the IP by ports and distributed via inteal IP's is something I'm at a loss for. I thank anyone brave enough to try to answer this question in the detail I'm asking, but I appreciate everyone's support answering.

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