what does exactly happen when you plug a etheet cable To a windows computer?

My question is, what does exactly happen when you plug a Etheet cable on a windows computer?

To narrow down the Question:

From that exact moment (plugging in the cable) to the TCP ip 3 way handshake I Would like to know layer by layer (TCP/IP) 1 and 2 or OSI 1, 2, 3, we suppose it’s from a computer (running windows OS 7) to a router connected via Etheet, with Ip addresses and subnets set properly, cable in good shape, Network card activated & its driver installed and operational

I’m more interested in what happens on the computer Side for troubleshooting purposes, i was thinking when troubleshooting one has to know what Usually goes by Layer by layer , Sort of “the standard process” ,so when things go wrong one could Troubleshoot layer by layer properly ? Just a taught …

i find it difficult(for me) to see what’s happening on those layers ? Are there any tools for that purpose?

i would like to have an overview kind of like this answer What happens to TCP connections when I remove the etheet cable?

Details of course are welcome if it is possible

thank you

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