Repairing my computer's hard drive (Windows 10)

About a week and a half ago, I opened my new, Windows 10 computer to find that the computer refused to boot. My system displayed "Starting Automatic Repair," then gave me a blank screen. I waited for nearly 2 days, but the computer never booted.

Luckily, I had another, older computer at hand to research what I could do to repair my computer.

I was first told that I could use open cmd and run chkdsk to repair my hard drive, which was likely be the problem, but I saw no way to open cmd at boot. I next was told to run a usb with windows 10 install media on it. I booted the computer off the drive, and things seemed to be loading, as the windows 10 logo was shown on screen, until I got the blank screen again. I tried booting off the drive over and over, to only get the same result.

I at least needed to recover my files, so I tried using clonezilla. The program successfully ran off a spare usb drive I had and the program seemed to be successful in saving my files, but was upset to find that the files saved were all in file formats that I couldn't open, and I couldn't extract my files.

I am completely confused why this happened in the first place. I installed nothing in the last week before I the computer refused to boot; I primarily used it for gaming.

So I'm completely stuck. Being the fool I am, I never thought to back up my files, and now they are all stuck on the hard drive, inaccessible to me. Is there a way to run cmd at boot? A way to run cmd off a usb stick? Any other way to repair my hard drive, perhaps?

I apologize if I sound confusing, or if this has been answered before. I'm a bit panicky at this point and will explain anything else I need to.

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