Most (but not some) websites refuse to load on Samsung Galaxy S4

So last night Chrome on my Galaxy S4 suddenly started refusing to load most websites while connected to the exact same WiFi network that works flawlessly for 2 different laptops and a PC within my home network. Even using my mobile provider's data network doesn't seem to work, so I doubt this issue has anything to do with my inteet connection/s.

The strangest thing about this whole situation is that Chrome will search Google fine (may take a second or two longer than usual but eventually the search results show) when either typing in the omnibar or using the actual google.com website. The Google Play store app will also search its catalog and even download updates without a hitch, but pretty much every time I try to connect to a non-Google-owned server, the connection status bar fills about 10% of the way and hangs for 30 seconds before timing out.

Has anyone experienced anything like this before?

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